Scope
The phenolphthalein test method is intended to measure the depth of the carbonated layer near the surface of
hardened concrete. It is not suitable for concrete made with calcium aluminate cement. It may be used on site
or in the laboratory, on test specimens or on cores or fragments removed from hardened concrete structures.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies.For undated references,the latest edition of the referenced
document(including any amendments)applies.
ENV 1504-9, Products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structures - Definitions,
Requirements,Quafity control and evaluation of conformity-Part 9: General principles for the use of products
and systems
3
Materials and apparatus
A solution of phenolphthalein indicator nom ally 1g phenolphthalein is dissolved in 70 ml ethyl alcohol and
diluted to 100 ml with distilled or deionised water.
A labelled container fitted with a nozzle to give a fine spray of indicator solution.
NOTE
Other suitable alcohois such as isopropyl alcohol may also be used to prepare the indicator solution.
A measuring device to measure the distance from the surface of the concrete to the carbonation front,such as
a calliper or ruler, capable of measuring to the nearest mm.
4
.
Test procedure
4.1 Sampling
Samples shall be in accordance with a sampling plan prepared for the assessment or repair works according
to ENV 1504-9.
In situ testing may be carried out by chiselling from the structure under investigation to reveal an adequate
area of freshly broken concrete.The test is normally carried out in situ.
NOTE
This may be done by drilling a series of holes intp the concrete tb allow a fresh surface to be broken between
them.
Altematively,large fragments or core samples may be removed from the structure.Where cores are obtained
by wet cutting or where the maximum nominal aggregate size exceeds 16 mm, the minimum nominal diameter
of cores shall be 50 mm.
Any surface water shall be removed from cores and fragments as quickly as possible. They shall be marked to
indicate their location and orientation with respect to the original concrete surface, and shall then be stored
a dry place until tested, which should be as soon as possible after sampling.
Cut or drilled surfaces shall not be used as they often give misleading results because they can expose and
reactivate unhydrated cement particles in otherwise fully carbonated concrete.

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